The Sichuan Quake and the Hubris of Twitter Users
At 2:28 yesterday afternoon, I had stopped off at home in Beijing’s Central Business District after lunch and was writing an email to a VC friend of mine when I suddenly felt dizzy. For the first few seconds, I thought it was all in my head, but then there was the distinct sensation of physical movement. I asked my wife, “Is this an earthquake?” She was incredulous at first, but then found she almost lost her footing and held a wall for support. “It is an earthquake,” she said. I looked out the window toward the new office towers going up south of my building, and could have sworn I saw them swaying. We talked for a couple of seconds about what we should do–whether we should get under a doorway, or get downstairs. Then it all stopped, about 35 seconds afterward.
I had Twhirl, my Twitter client of choice, on my desktop, and immediately typed, “Did anyone else in Beijing just feel that earthquake?” The client refreshed “tweets” from others, and there were at least half a dozen comments before mine about the quake. Amazingly, I saw that there were people from Shanghai who’d felt it too.
My first instinct after that was to look at the U.S. Geological Survey website to see whether it had been reported yet. Clicking on “Outside of the U.S.” I saw a big red square on a map of Asia in what I could see was Sichuan Province, and it hadn’t been written up yet–it had happened only minutes before, and there wasn’t an entry on it yet, so I quickly filled out a report on what I’d experienced, still incredulous that I’d felt something from a quake I reckoned was probably well over a thousand kilometers away.
Right away, guys like Robert Scoble, the uberblogger who’s a huge evangelist for Twitter and is followed by over 20,000 people, were “retweeting” messages from people on Twitter in China. Within an hour or so, using Twitter location and search tools, people had identified two English-speaking young men, and soon after a third, who were using Twitter in Chengdu, about 95 kilometers east of the epicenter. Their eyewitness accounts, with aftershocks reported in near-real time and reassuring accounts that the damage — at least in Chengdu — didn’t seem severe, were really useful.
It wasn’t long before, within the community of Twitterati watching the horrors of the quake unfold, self-congratulatory messages popped up, talking about how Twitter was so much faster than the mainstream media, and how Twitter had proven itself indispensable. At first I was caught up in that feeling, too. But really, thinking back now on what happened, there was a little too much hubris in the rush to pronounce that Twitter’s moment had arrived.
Sure, in the immediate moments after the users in China — mostly in Beijing and Shanghai — felt their buildings sway, we were able to get it out that there had been an earthquake. We didn’t know where, though, until we went to more informed sources like the USGS. I for one thought that it had been somewhere much closer by — in Hebei Province, or perhaps in Inner Mongolia.
Twitter’s immediacy was nice, but by no means unique. The whole time I was twittering, my wife was on her instant messengers, with both QQ and MSN Live open. She was also monitoring all the portals’ news flashes on the quake. I didn’t feel like I had any more information than she did
Twitter’s public nature was of some real value both for ordinary folk and for professional journalists, who were able to quickly identify English-speakers on the scene who could be interviewed. The broadcast nature of Twitter, while it can bore one to tears when used to gratuitously announce one’s pedestrian comings and goings, was in this case something that made it better than simple IM.
The other dimension to Twitter that proved very useful in this case was its global usership: there were lots of Chinese messages I was following, and I was among many people bilingual individuals translating more useful, insightful, or interesting tweets from Chinese into English. Call it “bridge microblogging.”
It proved very useful as a means of quickly disseminating information gleaned from the mainstream media on the scene: Through the night, as the death toll numbers rose with horrific speed, people I’m following reported and provided links. Many people linked to the Chinese Red Cross donation page, which was again a good implementation of Twitter.
On balance, though, I feel there’s something fundamentally unsettling that attention within the Twitter community should have shifted at all off the matter at hand and on to a celebration of the particular communication tool we were using. There’s no doubt that it was useful, but by no means did this episode drive a nail in the coffin of traditional media, which by my lights has been exceptionally good in its reporting — Xinhua, Phoenix, CCTV, and many other Chinese news organizations have really taken full advantage of the candor Beijing seems to be allowing and encouraging.
26 comments thus far
Indeed, I think that the Chinese media is being given a remarkably free hand to report the facts in this case. Beijing recognizes that this is a human tragedy and not a political event, and I doubt anyone is going to disagree with them. They were remarkably quick to dispatch Wen to Sichuan, weren’t they? And paratroopers now, too.
Twitter is still in the ‘neat’ category for me. I don’t view it as essential. I was on the phone with a friend within a few minutes and had him check the USGS site (since I’d gone into flight mode and fled the Kerry Center), and learned that the epicenter was elsewhere, gasped at the magnitude, but realized that Beijing itself was in no danger. And that was enough for me, and I happily milled about with all the other giddy evacuees…
Posted by Michael Jacobson on May 13, 2008 at 1:34 pm
Well said. Very quickly the story turned to Twitter/Scoble/beating USGS by 3 min. I also did not like watching how TechMeme rewarded a lot of A-list tech blogs and aside from Global Voices Online was not able to identify other great sources of English content on the Earthquake such as Shanghaiist or Danwei.
Another example of self-reflective narcissism at work. At least Jeremiah Owyang tried to use his bully pulpit of social media to ask people to have compassion and give to the Red Cross. Kudos to Jeremiah for that.
Posted by Elliott Ng on May 13, 2008 at 1:36 pm
Well said. We sometimes forget that social media tools like Twitter, just like their traditional media counterparts, have very real limitations.
Twitter is not better or more effective than traditional media. It simply performs a different function.
Posted by Tan Siok Siok on May 13, 2008 at 1:50 pm
The Twitter mobile was very useful. Keeping updated by following you and niubi by SMS kept me a step ahead, when I was not online.
Posted by Cognito on May 13, 2008 at 1:52 pm
[...] 123, 1:51pm: Ogilvy’s Digital Watch Blog reports on the impact of Twitter on the reporting of the Wenchuan [...]
Posted by sichuan quake updates and red cross donations - updated | CHINA ESQUIRE on May 13, 2008 at 2:00 pm
Hey K-man. Funny that I did nearly the exact same as you and wife. Went straight to USGS site and saw the red square then filled out a report. Very first reaction to quake was to check MSN to verify. Colleagues and I got reports from all over Beijing, (Guo Mao, Xidan, then all over China). Just as much info as it sounds like you did with Twitter. Admittedly, I haven’t drank the Twitter coolaid yet, but after your post and after seeing twitter messages in realtime on blogs like “imagethief” too yesterday, I think it is time I sign up to at least give it a try. You can always uninstall, right…right? Or is it simply just too addicting to ever quit. OK, you guys have pushed me over the edge. See you in the Twitter crack house sometime soon.
Posted by alankahnchina on May 13, 2008 at 2:15 pm
Interesting take, Kaiser. Just one question: you listed CCTV as among the traditional media doing “exceptional” reporting. Comments on BusinessWeek’s blog about the quake said it took CCTV four hours to report the disaster. That would suggest Twitter at least maybe helps fill in the gap. I suppose, though, that anyone savvy enough to be using Twitter already has several other news sources besides CCTV. I do think part of the appeal of Twitter is that it gives you the feeling of having a personal connection to the event and place. Instead of hearing a detailed and accurate yet ultimately dispassionate news report, you’re getting the *real* word from someone who is there right *now*. I do like your larger point about the speed with which Twitter turned self-congratulatory. Traditional media takes a couple days to assess its role following a major event (like, say, Katrina). The blogosphere does it within the day’s news cycle. Now it seems Twitter is doing it within hours or minutes. Everything really is getting faster.
Posted by Scott Hillis on May 13, 2008 at 2:33 pm
[...] The Sichuan Quake and the Hubris of Twitter Users Right away, guys like Robert Scoble, the uberblogger who’s a huge evangelist for Twitter and is followed by over 20,000 people, were “retweeting” messages from people on Twitter in China. Within an hour or so, using Twitter location and search tools, people had identified two English-speaking young men, and soon after a third, who were using Twitter in Chengdu, about 95 kilometers east of the epicenter. Their eyewitness accounts, with aftershocks reported in near-real time and reassuring accounts that the damage — at least in Chengdu — didn’t seem severe, were really useful. [...]
Posted by U Tech Tips » Blog Archive » Catastrophe and twitter on May 13, 2008 at 3:52 pm
Great post. The whole point of journalism was to link people to events that were out of their purview. I love the way this keeps people close in a crisis and allows the dissemination of information within small circles.
Posted by Douglas on May 13, 2008 at 9:53 pm
Thanks for making some very sensible points and offering some balance to some of the Twitter hype. This is always going to be a complement to, not an alternative to, mainstream media, and another way of getting information. But I found the way cream rose to the top on Tweetburner very interesting - on one page of most popular links I immediately had access to some of the most useful information on what was happening - and that was automatically generated.
Posted by Paul Bradshaw on May 13, 2008 at 10:39 pm
[...] Kaiser Kuo of Digital Watch wrote a very thoughtful, but ambivalent post about the role of Twitter in spreading news about the earthquake in Sichuan. On one hand, he recognises the value of Twitter as an effective communication tool that bridged the gap between the Chinese and English speaking world when he notes: The other dimension to Twitter that proved very useful in this case was its global usership: there were lots of Chinese messages I was following, and I was among many people bilingual individuals translating more useful, insightful, or interesting tweets from Chinese into English. Call it “bridge microblogging.” The Sichuan Quake and the Hubris of Twitter Users [...]
Posted by Catshanghai » Twitter and the Quake Revisited on May 13, 2008 at 11:26 pm
Some things:
1. IM is fast, but not scalable. The entire world can search Twitter using Summize and Tweetscan to find messages that mention “quake” and “earthquake.” We can NOT do that to find your wife’s messages. That’s why I heard about the quake first on Twitter, not on IM or email or some other site.
2. Those who focus on Twitter being faster than USGS are missing the point. The point is that no one would have known to look at USGS if it weren’t for people telling us that something major had happened. In the old days that was mainstream news. How long would you have had to wait if you were in New York to learn about the quake and weren’t on Twitter? Well, the New York Times newspaper didn’t have news for 36 hours. Most TV? One to five hours, and even then you’ll only get a few minutes of coverage.
The real point? That we are now able to compare notes with more than a million people around the world IN REAL TIME in a way that’s searchable and reusable and relinkable. That has NEVER been possible before.
If you were watching my Twitter account you didn’t see me doing any Twitter “boosterism.” Instead, I just linked my readers to people who were on the scene and were reporting to us all what they were experiencing. That was magical.
Posted by Robert Scoble on May 14, 2008 at 6:16 am
[...] The Sichuan Quake and the Hubris of Twitter Users A commentary on getting caught up in the medium of communication rather than what was actually being communicated. (tags: twitter china earthquake) [...]
Posted by links for 2008-05-13 » Go Web Young Man on May 14, 2008 at 6:24 am
One other thing. Several of the Tweets we pointed (and information sources) to were Chinese. I guess you all have never seen translation engines or tried them out.
Posted by Robert Scoble on May 14, 2008 at 6:26 am
[...] of these arguments in comments from Eric Rice on my post (as well as here), and in a recent post by Kaiser Kuo of Ogilvy’s Digital [...]
Posted by The “Twitter ain’t all that” backlash » mathewingram.com/work | on May 14, 2008 at 11:26 am
I agree totally with you Kaiser Kuo. It’s useful, but also overhyped too much. I especially don’t see value in people just repeating other people. Tranlating can be useful, but why all this attention for a guy in America who has no link at all to China? All major websites in China (QQ, Sina and so on) had the news within the hour. What does it matter if people in America find out about an earthquake in China after 1 hour, instead of 5 minutes? It’s not like they can do anything about it.
Posted by Thijs (Shenzhen) on May 14, 2008 at 8:53 pm
Thanks for addressing this ridiculous hype. The most ludicrous thing to me about the Twitter hype on this earthquake has been the unspoken assertion that Chinese citizens were sharing information about the quake via Twitter. I have a hard time believing anyone affected by the quake learned anything valuable via this application. Looks like someone is trying desperately hard to raise cash — and using the misery of others to do so.
Posted by leishan on May 15, 2008 at 2:54 pm
To me, I think it’s apparent that the state-run chinese media’s ‘openess’ is a clever ploy to reduce criticism and media converage of their record in Tibet and the negative worldwide media coverage they were receiving on a daily basis around the Olympic torch carrying ceremony. Sadly but honestly, earthquakes and natural disasters are a common occurrence throughout the world, especially China. I’m not trying to belittle the loss of human life that this tragedy brought about, but for this to be front page news when 78 000 Pakistani’s died in a similar quake in October, without half as much coverage, is more than a little suspicious. If you don’t believe me read this scientific journal tallying fatalities by earthquakes throughout recorded time:
http://cires.colorado.edu/~bilham/SantaFe.pdf
This article states that in the past 125 years single events in China have killed 500k plus people. The last quake that killed this many people was in 1976. This 12k dead quake is merely a drop in the bucket and is being exploited by the Chinese government purely for political reasons.
Posted by Richard on May 15, 2008 at 10:56 pm
@Richard - That’s speculation that I don’t happen to share, and which I don’t think is exactly on topic for this blog, which is about digital media and not politics. If you’re interested in commenting about political dimensions of the quake, there are plenty of other sites where that’s under discussion, and where I’m sure your views would be more germane to the thread.
Posted by Kaiser Kuo on May 16, 2008 at 7:55 am
Weather as positive precursor to quakes worldwide :
In fact, world wide, the weather of the larger land areas affected by the adjacent smaller land masses, (see the Table) seismically creep into the ocean. During an earthquake, two blocks of the Earth’s crust slide past one another generating massive amounts of frictional heat. In fact, Kanamori & Brodsky (2001) describe earthquakes as thermal events more than seismic events because most of the energy release during an earthquake goes into heat rather than seismic waves.
Normally, for any material when subjected to enormous mechanical stress (here the giant tectonic plates), it liberates heat energy between the yield point and the tensile point, then the vibrational energy (in the form of seismic waves) finally liberated at the break point. The durations further from tensile point to break point is normally 15 to 30 days that ended in a devastating quake, with numerous foreshocks and after shocks. Anyhow, once the inclement and atrocious weather changes taken place in any region, strongly illustrates the powerful seismic forces at work underground or indicates the process for an earth quake is over within the adjacent region and only to wait for the large scale cracking of ground! However due to the influence of the earth’s rotation at different times the anomalies happened at different respective regions
The so called sea surface warming, that responsible for any inclement weather changes around the world are due to the frictional heat that generated between the giant plates equivalent to 100 km thickness when brush past each other or collide with each other which are in constant motion when subjected to enormous stress. As said above, in between the durations further from tensile point to break point, the large amounts of generated heat within the earth reaches to the Sea surface by means of convection, and organize a large area of low pressure. This is why both the inclement weather changes and quakes are continuous and uncertain. There are around 800 twisters/tornados recorded every year in the United States likewise several seismic events are also recorded every year. Further, there seems to be no connection between the El Nino and La Nina episode for the unusual inclement weather changes over Tamilnadu and southern peninsula during the month March but which was strongly due to the geological process with in the earth that is at the Sumatra region, Indonesia. For instance, the fault line that spawned the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami has ruptured nearly 20 times this February alone.
Virtually all of the big quakes, the ones of magnitude eight or nine or above, happen at sea; the greatest quakes on the planet happen in subduction zones, where one tectonic plate is sliding beneath another. The processes of a volcano / quake under the Ocean bed have the effect on the atmospheric anomalies world wide by means of heavy snow, severe storm, cyclone, tornado, flood, land slide, Sea withdrawal, and tsunami, at different places at different times. Happenings the process of quakes under the Ocean bed, displacing the water mass in two ways, one by means of formation of low depression over the Ocean surface and another by means of tsunami under the Ocean bed at the time of final mega fracture. Further, Volcanism and seismic activity are often closely related, responding to the same dynamic Earth forces. The geological process within the earth -Volcanoes and quakes responsible for the sea surface warming and the atrocious weather changes and significantly there is no connection between the Co2 and the Global warming or Climatic change. This is the reason why both quakes and weather phenomena are continuous and uncertain.
For a tropical cyclone, according to the existing theory, the solar heating being the initial source for evaporation. This may not be true due to the following reasons. The worldwide, tropical cyclone activity peaks in late summer that is in the aphelion (farthest from Sun) position of the earth. If the solar energy as the heating source of the Ocean, actually the tropical cyclones should be peak in the perihelion (nearest to Sun) poison but it is contradictorily peak in the aphelion position of the earth. On a world wide scale, May is the least active month, while September is the most active month. The amount of heat energy that reaches on to the surface of the earth not in uniform due to the position of the earth around the sun.
Scientists at the National Center for Atmospheric Research estimate that a tropical cyclone releases heat energy at the rate of 50 to 200 trillion joules per day or to exploding a 10-megaton nuclear bomb every 20 minutes. Even it was calculated that the Volcano eruption of Mt. Saint Helens in US in 1980 released an estimated 1.7 x 10^18 Joules of energy over a nine hour period. This is equivalent to detonating 27,000 Hiroshima-size nuclear bombs at the rate of one detonation per second over a 7.5 hour period. The temperature of the ejecta at the mouth must be of the order of 900 degree Celsius and by the time it reaches the sea it cools down to 500 – 600 degree Celsius. (As per USGS, the tremendous amount of energy released of Dec.2004, M9 earthquake rupture was equivalent to 23,000 Hiroshima Bombs or 20×10^17 joules).But what is the amount of energy released during the process of an earthquake (not at the time of break) before the final break? This so far unobserved energy is responsible for Sea surface warming. The Frictional heat produced by the geological process within the earth that responsible for the Sea surface warming so as to maintain 26.5 degree Celsius up to 50 meter depth of the Ocean.
If the factors like, moisture and surface temperature distribution over water are responsible for the formation of tropical depression. Why it is confined to the Ocean alone and not form over any large rivers world wide or even the region like Arabian Sea? For India why it is always in Bay of Bengal or at the Indian Ocean side? Is there any threshold limit for the formation of tropical depression over the water mass?
For a cyclone formation, in most situations, water temperatures of at least 26.5 degree C (80 degree F) are needed down to a depth of at least 50m (150 feet).Only with the up-ward direction of convection (Surface cold water replaced by the bottom warm water) it is possible to maintain the water temperature up to the depth of 50 meters or even more. Again this could be only possible when the enormous amount of heat generating system at the Ocean bed. (As said earlier during an earthquake, two blocks of the Earth’s crust slide past one another generating massive amounts of frictional heat).The peripheral areas of the Pacific Ocean Basin, containing the boundaries of several plates, are not only for many active volcanoes and quakes but also birth place for many tropical storms. Then these tropical storms move up to thousands of kilometers away from its origin and affect the land masses, by means heavy rain, flood and land slide etc.
Without the Indonesian Islands Sumatra and Java, there will be no rain, flood or tsunami in India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan and Bangladesh! For instance, the formation of low depression over Bay of Bengal and the subsequent very heavy rain in Sumatra and Java, Indonesia, Sri Lanka and over Tamilnadu and southern peninsular India are always clearly indicating as precursor for quakes Sumatra or Java Islands in Indonesia. The magnitude of the quakes depends on the severity of the particular weather.
Seismically affected (Adjacent smaller) land areas
Large land areas affected by weather
1.Indonesian land masses, particularly Sumatra and java affects
India ,SriLanka,Indonesia, Bangladesh and. Pakistan
;
2.Maluku (Indonesia )islands land masses affects, Malaysia
3.Japan, Marianas and Guam land masses affects Japan, Philippine & Taiwan
4. PNG, Vanuatu, Fiji, Tonga, New Zealand and Solomon Islands land masses affects Australian
5. Turkey land mass affects Bulgarian
6. Peru and Chile land masses Mexico ,Ecuador
7. the Queen Charlotte Islands, B.C. affects the US states of Washington and Oregon
8. East of Congo republican land masses affects the Zambia & Zimbabwe
9. Tanzania land masses affects Kenyan
10. Northern Chile & Southern Peru land masses affects Bolivian
11. Nevada land masses San Diego (California)
12. Baja California Northern Mexico, US west
13. Central American countries and Caribbean countries Collectively affects the central US
14. Philippine land masses affects Thailand and Vietnam
15. Britain Scotland and Northern Ireland
16. Prince Edwards Islands Madagascar and Mozambique
17. Guatemala and El Salvador Haiti
18.Southern Taiwan China’s southern Hainan Province.
Then with the down-ward direction of convection with the solar heating being the initial source over the Ocean surface for evaporation, the top of the water surface cannot maintain the water temperatures of at least 26.5 degree C (80 degree F) are needed down to a depth of at least 50m (150 feet). Since the surface warm water replaced by the bottom cold water.
When the solar energy well enough to heat the Ocean to 26.5 degree Celsius up to the depth of 50 meters, then how the same solar energy not even enough to heat the major rivers and lakes to that minimum level? But even when these conditions are satisfactorily meet, why no cyclones formed over the major rivers like Nile, Amazon or Mississippi-Missouri and over the lakes like Baikal (depth 1620m), Tanganyika (1463) or the Caspian Sea (1025m)?
For every specific weather changes world wide, the process for a specific earth quakes is over. There is a significant weather changes associated with the significant quakes. The weather changes are not the surface phenomena but it is the byproduct of the geological process within the earth. Yes, the count down will start for a powerful quake, once the rain is over!
Yours truly,
S.PRAKASH, M.Sc., (Phy)
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Posted by S.Prakash on May 16, 2008 at 6:42 pm
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